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A Galactic Goliath Haunts The Ancient Universe

When we look up at the clear midnight sky, we see the darkness spread by the distant fires of countless stars. The stars of the cosmos reside in the billions of galaxies that exist in the visible universe, a relatively small region of the entire incomprehensible vast cosmos that we can observe. This is due to the finite speed of light and the rapid expansion of spacetime. Light travels to us from regions beyond us Universal horizon There hasn’t been enough time to reach us since the Big Bang birth of the universe, almost 14 billion years ago. One of the biggest mysteries facing astronomers today is understanding how galaxies form. According to the prevailing theory of galactic formation, smaller galaxies were born first, eventually merging together in the ancient universe to form the large, massive galaxies seen in today’s universe. However, massive galaxies have been found to haunt the very ancient cosmos and, accordingly, should not be there. bottom up Theory of galaxy formation.

In October 2019, a team of astronomers reported that they had coincidentally discovered faint traces of a never-before-seen giant “monster” galaxy from the early universe. playfully comparing their galactic exploration to photographing the footprints of a mythical monster Yeti–the “abominable snowman” of the Himalayan people–astronomers commented that the scientific community believed that such galactic behemoths were mere folklore. This is because there was no evidence of their true existence in nature–until now.

A postdoctoral fellow at the University of Arizona (Tucson), Dr. A team of astronomers led by Christina Williams say their discovery provides new insights into the first baby steps of some of the largest galaxies in the universe. A research paper appears in Astrophysical Journal.

Dr. Kate Whittaker, an assistant professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and a member of the team, is an expert in early galaxy evolution. She reported on October 22, 2019 Amherst Press Publications that “these otherwise hidden galaxies are truly intriguing; it makes you wonder if this is just the tip of the iceberg, with a whole new type of galaxy population waiting to be discovered.”

The birth of galaxies

There are currently two major theories to explain how the first galaxies were born in the ancient cosmos. However, some astronomers have suggested that the truth may actually involve both ideas.

One of the prevailing theories suggests that the first galaxies formed when huge clouds of gas and dust collapsed under their own gravity – thus giving birth to stars. It is sometimes referred to as top down theory.

The second theory, the bottom-up The theory, in recent years has gained lion’s share of credibility. According to this idea, the young universe consisted of countless relatively small blobs of matter. These small shapeless blobs (protogalaxy) encountered each other and merged, eventually growing into the large galaxies we see in the universe today. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photographed many of these clumps of material, which may have been the “seeds” that eventually became modern galaxies. According to this theory, most ancient large galaxies were spirals. However, as time passed, many spirals collided and merged together Elliptical galaxy Elliptical There are very large egg-shaped galaxies that mainly host old red stars. The stars that live inside Elliptical Galaxies travel in chaotic orbits, unlike the stellar populations of orderly and more graceful spirals that host stars of all ages–such as our own Milky Way.

But the process of galaxy birth is not over. The universe continues to evolve over time. Smaller galaxies are frequently swallowed up by larger galaxies. Our own galaxy may contain the tragic remnants of an earlier feast—one that gobbled up many of its smaller galactic relatives, like large fish devouring their smaller neighbors. Right now, our galaxy is digesting at least a pair of unfortunate small galaxies–and it may very well rise among the others in the next few billion years. Such mergers are common because the cosmos is crowded on galactic distance scales.

Indeed, a massive merger is taking place in the distant future of our Galaxy. The nearest large galaxy, the large spiral Andromeda — which is slightly larger than our own galaxy — is currently 2.5 million light-years away. This means that the distance between this pair of massive galaxies is only 25 times the size of the galaxies themselves. Like our own galaxy, Andromeda hosts stars of various ages and has a rich supply of gas. Gravity is pulling Andromeda towards us at 100 kilometers per second. In about 4.5 billion years, the Andromeda galaxy and our galaxy collided into a single, massive Elliptical A galaxy that astronomers have already called great The Milky Way galaxy. the future Milcomeda would be twice as large as the pair of ill-fated spirals that collided to form the galaxy. The supermassive black holes that plague the dark hearts of both past spirals will also merge, becoming twice as massive as the two black holes that formed a single entity. However, technically, the Andromeda galaxy will eat our galaxy. This is because Andromeda is a slightly larger galactic “fish”.

Galaxy mergers were more common in the early cosmos than today because the universe was smaller and much more crowded in those ancient times than it is now. Therefore, smaller galactic “blobs” had a better chance of colliding and merging. It is generally believed that ancient galaxies were different from what we see today. Early galaxies showed a great variety and had a very high population Irregular Galaxies, which are usually small galaxies with little mass–and no distinctive shape.

Which brings us to the strange existence of “monster” galaxies that should not have existed in the early universe, where it was once thought that only small Protogalaxy can exist–and perform their fiery dance in the nascent light of the cosmos.

The good news is that galactic collisions rarely disrupt the headson of individual component stars residing in a colliding pair. Even if two galaxies collide, the distance between their stars is so great that they rarely suffer in the wake of the catastrophe. However, there are stars that can suffer from destruction. Some stars may be thrown into new orbits or killed completely out of their parent galaxies, doomed to wander lost and alone in the dark deserts of space.

Although galactic collisions do not usually destroy stars, they frequently result in the birth of stars. As massive clouds of gas and dust collide in merging galaxies, they can give birth to millions of new bright-hot stars.

A galactic goliath that shouldn’t be there

Dr. Williams and his team used Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) A collection of 66 radio telescopes, located high in the Chilean mountains, to detect them. In new observations conducted with highly sensitive detection limits, Dr. Williams saw a balloon of very dim light. “It was very mysterious, but the light didn’t seem to be associated with any known galaxy at all. I was very happy when I saw that this galaxy was invisible at any other wavelength, because that meant that it was probably very far away and hidden. Clouds of dust “Dr. Williams commented on October 22, 2019 Amherst Press Publications.

Astronomers estimate that the faint signal came from so far away that it took 12.5 billion years to reach Earth. At that time, the universe was still in its infancy. Scientists think that the warm glow of dust (which effectively obscures all light) is the result of emissions that have been heated by fiery stars born deep within a young galaxy.

Study co-author Dr. Ivo Labbe, noted in Amherst Press Publications that “we discovered that the Milky Way is a massive giant galaxy with as many stars as our own galaxy but bursting with activity, forming new stars at 100 times the rate of our own galaxy.” Dr. Labbe is from Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia.

The new discovery is important because it could potentially solve a long-standing puzzle in astronomy. Some massive galaxies in the early universe grew and matured very rapidly, contradicting theoretical predictions. bottom-up Theory of galaxy formation. Even more mysterious, these massive mature galaxies appear to have popped out of nowhere when the universe was relatively young–only 10% of its current age, the astronomers noted.

Furthermore, astronomers don’t think they’ll ever catch up to the point at which they first form, Dr. Williams continued to brief reporters. Smaller galaxies have been observed in the early universe Hubble Space Telescope, but they are not growing fast enough. Other giant galaxies have also been reported previously. However, those scenes are too rare to provide a satisfactory explanation of what was happening in those ancient times. “Our hidden giant galaxies have the perfect ingredients for that missing link, because they’re probably quite common,” Dr. Williams continued to comment on the matter. Amherst Press Publications.

How many of these behemoth galaxies there are remains an unsolved mystery observed by astronomers today. The current study was conducted in a small region of the sky — less than 1/100th the size of the full moon. This could mean that finding “yeti footprints” in a small strip of desert was either a lucky find or they were hidden by a blanket of dust–but hidden everywhere.

Dr. “Right now we’re excited,” Williams added James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) To take a look at these things. JWST They will be able to see through the veil of dust to learn how big these galaxies really are and how fast they are growing, to better understand why models fail to explain them.

The JWST The upcoming launch in March 2021 is a revolutionary new telescope.

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