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A Brief History of the United States Postal Service

When we put a letter in the mailbox, we depend on it to reach its intended destination quickly. We take our national postal service for granted, never stopping to reflect on its long and significant history. The United States Postal Service is founded on the principle that everyone in this country has the right to equal access to mail service that is affordable, efficient, and secure.

Origins of the Postal Service

The postal service has its roots as far back as 1755. A committee consisting of prominent Americans including Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Adams, Philip Livingston, Richard Henry Lee, and Thomas Lynch was formed to consider creating a postal system. Intelligence and the sending of letters were considered essential to freedom during this period. The committee submitted its report to Congress in July 1775, and its recommendations were accepted the next day.

Benjamin Franklin was named the first Postmaster General, and the postal system focused on communications between Congress and the forces fighting for independence from Britain. When the Declaration of Independence was drafted in July 1776, Franklin still held his postal role, making him the first postmaster general in the United States. The system developed by Franklin is still evident in current Postal Service operations.

Postal Service and Law

Postal problems have been addressed in several laws beginning with the Articles of Confederation passed by Congress in 1781. East-west postal routes were established as the population spread westward. Postmaster General Ebenezer Hazard introduced mail routes by stagecoach. The Constitution granted Congress the power to establish postal roads and post offices, and the Act of September 22, 1789 made the President responsible for directing the Postmaster General. Samuel Osgood was appointed by President George Washington as the first Postmaster General under the Constitution.

When the seat of government was moved to Washington, DC in 1800, all postal supplies, records, and furniture were transported by two horse-drawn wagons. Over the years, mail was moved by steamboats, horses, trains, trucks, and airplanes. During the 20th century the Post Office Department became the United States Postal Services and the population changed from rural to urban and industrial.

We have come a long way from 2,400 miles of post roads and service that existed in 1789 to four million people. In 2006, 27,318 US post offices handled more than 213 billion pieces of mail. As new technologies evolve, the Postal Service continues to fight to maintain its place in American society. Every day, millions of us help them survive.

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